What is the Waterfall methodology?
Waterfall methodology, also known as the Waterfall method, is a sequential development model that flows through all phases of a project like a waterfall (analysis, design and development, testing, etc.). Each phase ends before the next one begins.
Waterfall methodology follows the principle of “measure twice, cut one.” Waterfall’s success is dependent on the quality and quantity of work done on the front-end, which includes the user interface, user stories, and all features’ variations and outcomes. The majority of research is done in advance, so estimates of the time required for each requirement can be more precise, which can lead to a more predictable release date. Waterfall projects are more difficult to modify than Agile.
5 common stages in a Waterfall process
Waterfall methodology follows a chronological approach and is based on predetermined dates, requirements, and results. This method doesn’t require that the execution teams communicate constantly and is usually self-contained unless integrations are necessary. The Agile approach requires team members to work in their own time and not to report status as frequently as the Agile approach. The Agile approach is a sequential process that doesn’t start until the last phase is completed.
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As an example, take a software development project. The Waterfall process typically includes stages that look something like this:
1. Requirements
Waterfall methodology is based on the belief that all project requirements are easily gathered and understood beforehand. The project manager tries to understand the requirements of the project sponsor. Written requirements are usually contained in one document and describe every stage of the project. This includes costs assumptions, risk, dependencies, and success metrics.
2. Design
Software developers create a technical solution for the problems outlined in the product requirements. This includes data models, layouts, and scenarios. The first step is to create a higher-level or logical, design that describes the purpose and scope for the project and the general traffic flow for each component as well as the integration points. Once it’s complete, the design is converted into a physical layout using specific hardware or software technologies.
3. Implementation
After the design has been completed, technical implementation can begin. Because of the extensive research and design that went into this phase, it may be the most time-consuming. This phase is where programmers create applications based upon project specifications and requirements. There will also be testing and implementation. This stage may require significant changes that will need to be made.
4. Verification and testing
Testing is required before a product can go to customers. This ensures that there are no errors in the product and all requirements have been met. It also ensures a positive user experience. To create their test cases, the testing team will use the personas, design documents, and user scenarios provided by the product manager.
5. Maintenance and deployment
The maintenance phase begins once the software is released to customers or deployed on the market. Users will submit change requests and defects to the team, which will then take care of updating and releasing new versions.
Advantages of the Waterfall methodology
Waterfall methodology is a project management methodology that is simple and well-defined. It has a proven track record. Each contributor is able to plan their time effectively because they know what needs to be done and when.
The Waterfall method also has other benefits:
- Developers can spot design mistakes during the analysis and design phases, which helps them avoid writing bad code during the implementation phase.
- After defining the requirements, the total project cost and timeline can be accurately estimated.
- It is much easier to track progress with a structured approach because milestones are clearly defined.
- Developers can quickly get up-to-speed if they join the project as it is progressing. Everything they need should be in the requirements file.
- The project is often delayed because customers don’t add new requirements.
Disadvantages of the Waterfall methodology
As with any other development process, strengths in one area can lead to weaknesses in another. Waterfall development methodology’s commitment to upfront project planning, and defined progress, makes it less flexible or agile later in the game. It is possible to make changes later in the process, which can lead to delays, pain, and high costs.
The Waterfall methodology might not work for other reasons:
- This chronological approach can make it more difficult to deliver projects than an iterative one such as Agile.
- Many clients don’t know exactly what they want upfront, which can lead to client requests later on in the process for modifications and new features.
- The design and implementation phases are completed without the involvement of clients.
- Deadline creep – When one phase of the process is delayed all other phases are also delayed.
Who uses the Waterfall model?
Project managers are often faced with developing projects that require the Waterfall process.
- Do not have unclear requirements.
- Give a clear view of the future from the beginning.
- Clients who are unlikely to alter the scope of the project after it is completed.
The Waterfall method is best for project managers who prefer clearly defined processes. This includes design, cost, and time requirements. As long as the project is suitable to these constraints, the Waterfall method works.
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What is waterfall project management?
Waterfall project management divides a project into distinct phases. Each phase begins only after the previous one is completed. The waterfall is the traditional way to manage a project. Team members work in a linear fashion towards a goal. Every participant has a clear role and no phase or goal is expected to change.
Waterfall project management is best for long-term projects that have detailed plans and require a clear timeline. Changes can be costly and discouraged. Agile project management, on the other hand, involves shorter project cycles and constant testing and adaptation. It also allows for overlapping work between multiple teams and contributors.
What is the difference between waterfall and agile approaches to project management?
The Waterfall model requires meticulous planning. Each step must be completed before the next phase can begin. Agile, on the other hand, is flexible and iterative. It focuses on the design, planning, implementation, testing, and execution of the tasks in shorter, more repeatable cycles.
Waterfall doesn’t require the customer to be involved in development after collecting their requirements. Agile allows the customer to have greater input during development. Instead of Waterfall milestones, Agile uses ” sprints,” which allows prioritized tasks to be completed in short time windows, such as two weeks.
When can design changes be made to the Waterfall process?
In the early stages, when the project manager is still working out the specifications documents with clients and the development team, modifications are simple to make. Design changes are more difficult and costly later in the Waterfall process.
Are there other benefits of Waterfall’s structured structure?
Although Waterfall methodology may seem restrictive for some types of projects, it can be an effective way to ensure that a project stays within budget and time limits. Complex projects that require many people to work towards a clear goal can benefit from Waterfall’s detailed and clear organization.
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